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Disease Profile

Epidermolysa bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

Q81.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

EBS-MD; MDEBS; MD-EBS;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Eye diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases;

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 257

Definition
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD) is a basal subtype of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS, see this term) characterized by generalized blistering associated with muscular dystrophy.

Epidemiology
Prevalence is unknown, but more than 40 cases have been reported to date.

Clinical description
Onset of blistering is usually as early as birth, whereas muscular dystrophy manifests between infancy and adulthood. Blisters are often hemorrhagic and heal with mild atrophic scarring and rare milia formation. Associated findings comprise markedly dystrophic nails, and focal keratoderma of the palms and soles. Extracutaneous involvement is usually present, including enamel hypoplasia with premature tooth decay, blistering in the oral cavity, pharynx and, rarely, larynx and trachea with inspiratory stridor and breathing difficulties requiring tracheotomy. Slowly progressive weakness of the head and limb muscles appears between the first year and the fourth decade of life and may confine the patient to a wheelchair. Additional neurological symptoms (ptosis, oculobulbar muscle weakness and fatigability) indicative of a myasthenic syndrome have been described in some patients.

Etiology
EBS-MD is caused by mutations in the PLEC gene (8q24) encoding plectin. Plectin deficiency can be demonstrated in skin and muscle by analysis with specific antibodies.

Genetic counseling
Transmission is autosomal recessive.

Prognosis
From a prognostic point of view, immunohistochemical recognition of EBS-MD in infancy is particularly important, since in some patients the associated muscular dystrophy may not become apparent until later in childhood or adulthood. EBS-MD may have a fatal outcome.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Alopecia
Hair loss
0001596
Aphasia
Difficulty finding words
Losing words
Loss of words

[ more ]

0002381
Dysphasia
0002357
Echolalia
Echoing another person's speech
0010529
Hyperconvex fingernails
0001812
Hypoplastic fingernail
Small fingernail
Underdeveloped fingernail

[ more ]

0001804
Muscle flaccidity
0010547
Mutism
Inability to speak
Muteness

[ more ]

0002300
Myopathy
Muscle tissue disease
0003198
Oculomotor nerve palsy
0012246
Ophthalmoplegia
Eye muscle paralysis
0000602
Skin vesicle
0200037
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of dental enamel
Abnormal tooth enamel
Enamel abnormalities
Enamel abnormality

[ more ]

0000682
Dermal atrophy
Skin degeneration
0004334
Papule
0200034
Ptosis
Drooping upper eyelid
0000508
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Fatigable weakness
0003473
Fatigue
Tired
Tiredness

[ more ]

0012378
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormal blistering of the skin
Blistering, generalized
Blisters

[ more ]

0008066
Anemia
Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin
0001903
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Carious teeth
Dental cavities
Tooth cavities
Tooth decay

[ more ]

0000670
Hypoplasia of dental enamel
Underdeveloped teeth enamel
0006297
Increased connective tissue
0009025
Keratitis
Corneal inflammation
0000491
Milia
Milk spot
0001056
Muscular dystrophy
0003560
Nail dysplasia
Atypical nail growth
0002164
Nail dystrophy
Poor nail formation
0008404
Neonatal respiratory distress
Infantile respiratory distress
Newborn respiratory distress
Respiratory distress, neonatal

[ more ]

0002643
Palmoplantar hyperkeratosis
Thickening of the outer layer of the skin of the palms and soles
0000972
Punctate keratitis
0011859
Scarring alopecia of scalp
0004552
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Urethral stricture
0012227

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Social Networking Websites

      • RareConnect is an online social network for patients and families to connect with one another and share their experience living with a rare disease. The project is a joint collaboration between EURORDIS (European Rare Disease Organisation) and NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Click on the link above to view the community for Epidermolysis bullosa.

        Learn more

        These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

        In-Depth Information

        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Epidermolysa bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.